Patient Education

St. Louis Eye Clinic would like to be your partner in health care. Feel free to ask your questions and share your concerns with us. We will work with you to develop a wellness program for the care and treatment you need.

We welcome you to our practice and look forward to caring for you.

St. Louis Eye Clinic provides a full range of medical services including the following:

Cataracts

Cataracts affect millions of people each year, including more than half of all Americans age 60 and older. A cataract is the clouding of the eye's natural lens. Cloudiness develops as a result of a buildup of protein in the lens. Cataracts can occur in either one eye or both eyes. If left untreated, cataracts will worsen over time and interfere with normal activities, such as reading or driving. Night vision usually is most affected. In their early stages, individuals with cataracts are helped by using stronger lighting, but as they develop, most require surgery. ...

Dry Eye

Dry eye is a common condition that occurs when the eyes are insufficiently lubricated, leading to itching, redness and pain from dry spots on the surface of the eye. The eyes may become dry and irritated because the tear ducts are not producing a sufficient number of tears, or because there is a chemical imbalance in the tears themselves. Natural tears require a particular chemical balance in order to lubricate the eyes efficiently. ...

Glaucoma

Glaucoma is a group of related diseases that damage the optic nerve resulting in vision loss and blindness. Some of the diseases or conditions that contribute to the development of glaucoma include the following:

• Increased pressure within the eye
• Severe eye infection
• Injury to the eye
• Blocked blood vessels
• Inflammatory conditions of the eye

Glaucoma is a leading cause of blindness and visual impairment in the United States. Glaucoma can affect patients of all ages. Known as the "sneak thief of sight," many people affected with glaucoma do not experience any symptoms and may not be aware that they have the disease until they have lost a significant amount of vision. With early detection and treatment, eyes can be protected against the serious loss of vision or blindness. ...

Chalazion

A chalazion is a small, non-infectious lump that develops in the upper or lower eyelid due to the blockage of the meibomian gland, an oil gland in the eyelid. The meibomian gland produces fluid that lubricates the eye. While children do develop chalazions, they more commonly affect adults between the ages of 30 to 50. ...

Contact Lenses

A contact lens is a thin disk which floats on the surface of the eye, providing vision correction. With advances in optical technology, most people can now use contact lenses, regardless of the type or extent of their vision problems. This includes patients with astigmatism and those who need bifocal or multifocal lenses. For individuals with certain eye conditions, however, contact lenses are contraindicated. ...

Keratitis

Keratitis is an inflammation or infection of the cornea. Keratitis often develops as the result of an infection, but can also be caused by a small scratch or prolonged contact lens wear. If left untreated, keratitis can lead to serious complications and can permanently damage vision.

Types of Keratitis

There are several types of keratitis. They include: ...

Diabetic Eye Disease

Patients with diabetes are at a higher risk for developing eye conditions as a complication their disease. Over 40 percent of patients diagnosed with diabetes develop some form of eye disease as a result of their disease. Diabetic retinopathy is the most common diabetic eye disease and the primary cause of blindness in the United States. ...

Comprehensive Eye Examination

Regular eye examinations are important in maintaining eye health. During routine eye examinations, the ophthalmologist is able to detect eye diseases or other abnormalities that may not yet be causing symptoms. Early intervention is crucial in preventing vision loss in disease, such as glaucoma, in which a patient may remain asymptomatic until significant and irreversible damage has occurred. Early detection of eye problems allows patients a choice of treatment options and a reduced risk of permanent damage. ...

Bifocal and Multifocal Eyeglass Lenses

Presbyopia, which is the visual inability of the lens of the eye to focus on objects that are close, may take years to develop. Patients usually begin to show symptoms of presbyopia in their early- to mid-40s. Bifocal or multifocal eyeglasses will provide patients with presbyopia the ability to see clearly at all distances. ...

Eye Infections

Eye infections can occur when a patient has been exposed to a virus, fungus or bacterium. Different types of infections strike particular portions of the eye. Both eyes or only one may become infected.

Symptoms of an Eye Infection

Common symptoms of an eye infection may include the following symptoms: ...

Graves' Ophthalmopathy

Grave's disease is an autoimmune disorder that causes the thyroid gland to produce an excessive amount of thyroid hormone within the body. This overproduction creates more hormones than the body needs and causes many important bodily functions to speed up. The thyroid is a butterfly-shaped gland located in the front of the neck and controls metabolism, heart and nervous system functions as well as other metabolic functions. An overproduction of the thyroid hormone can lead to hypertension, weight loss, irregular heartbeat and eye problems. ...

IOL Choices

A wide range of replacement lenses are available to cataract patients, each offering different advantages for post-surgery vision. The most effective lens to use depends on the patient's individual preferences and goals for their vision. The lenses eliminate the need for glasses or contacts after cataract surgery, providing most patients with convenient, effective results for their specific vision conditions. ...

Lensectomy

A lensectomy is a microsurgery procedure that removes part or all of the crystalline lens from the eye. The lensectomy procedure is performed to treat a wide range of vitreoretinal disorders, including:

• Retained lens fragments after cataract surgery
• A dislocated intraocular lens (IOL) following cataract surgery
• Complex retinal detachments
• Intraocular foreign body

A lensectomy is usually performed as an ambulatory procedure, meaning that patients return home the same day as long as no complications have been experienced. ...

Macular Degeneration

Macular degeneration, also known as age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a common condition in older adults and the leading cause of vision loss in people over the age of 50. Macular degeneration affects the macula, the part of the retina responsible for the crisp, detailed central vision needed for reading or driving. As we age, the tissue in the eye responsible for vision slowly begins to deteriorate which can significantly affect a patient's quality of life. ...

Ocular Hypertension

Ocular hypertension is a condition where the intraocular pressure (IOP) in the eyes is higher than normal. A normal pressure reading falls between 10 mm Hg and 21 mm Hg. Anything greater than 21 mm Hg is considered hypertensive. The increased pressure is caused by a problem in the drainage of fluid produced in the eye. ...

Conjunctivitis

Conjunctivitis, commonly referred to as pink eye, is an infection or inflammation of the conjunctiva, the membrane that lines the eyelid and covers the white part of the eyeball. The inflammation affects the blood vessels in the eye and gives the eye a pink or red appearance. Pink eye can be caused by either a bacterial or viral infection, an allergic reaction, a foreign object in the eye or a blocked tear duct. Pink eye can be contagious, so proper diagnosis and prompt treatment are important. ...

Prism Lenses

Muscle imbalances within the eyes often occur as a result of genetic factors, trauma or related conditions, and result in one eye that is stronger than the other. Eyes that do not work properly together can cause blurred, crossed or double vision. Some cases of muscle imbalance may worsen over time, which is why it is important to seek proper treatment. ...

Pterygium

A pterygium is a painless, non-cancerous growth of the conjunctiva, the lining that covers the white part of the eye. The pterygium may grow on the cornea, which covers the iris, the colored part of the eye. A pterygium usually begins at the nasal side of the eye and can be different colors, including red, pink, white, yellow or gray. ...

Refractive Lens Exchange

Refractive lens exchange (RLE), also known as clear lens extraction, or CLE, is a surgical procedure for vision correction that replaces the natural lens of the eye with an intraocular lens, or IOL. Using the same surgical techniques as cataract surgery, the clear lens of the eye is removed and replaced with an IOL to change the focusing power of the eye. ...

AcrySof® IQ ReSTOR® IOL

AcrySof® IQ ReSTOR® IOL is an intraocular lens that provides a full range of vision for patients after cataract surgery, significantly decreasing their dependence on glasses or contact lenses. The ReSTOR IOL replaces the natural lens of the eye which has been removed during surgery. Its optic design enables it to bend light to a focal point of the retina, facilitating distance vision. By distributing light on the retina in such a way that images at various distances are clearly perceived, it provides multifocal visual clarity. ...

Foresee PHP® Preferential Hyperacuity Perimeter

The Foresee Preferential Hyperacuity Perimeter (Foresee PHP) is a visual field analyzer that is used to detect and monitor the progression of age-related macular degeneration from the intermediate, or dry stage to the choroidal neovascularization stage, or wet stage. Forsee PHP is the only device that is FDA-approved to detect and monitor age-related macular degeneration (AMD) in its earliest stages. ...

Sjogren's Syndrome

Sjogren's syndrome is an autoimmune disorder that has two common identifying symptoms: dry mouth and dry eyes, but it may progress to affect joints, skin and vital organs. Women are more likely to suffer from this condition and patients are usually diagnosed with the disorder after the age of 40. The cause of Sjogren's syndrome is unknown, although genetic components seem to put some individuals at greater risk for developing the disease. There is some evidence that Sjogren's syndrome may be triggered by a viral or bacterial infection. Often the syndrome occurs in patients who have another immune disorder, like rheumatoid arthritis or lupus. ...

Surgical Alignment of the Eye Muscle

The muscles of the eye allow for proper vision alignment, and may be affected in patients with strabismus or nystagmus. Located near the surface of the eyes, the muscles act like elastic bands that hold the eyes in place and help them change position as needed. They are located around the eye and are attached on one end to the sclera, which is the white portion of the eye, and on the other to the eye socket. In some patients, the muscles do not align the eyes properly and this may lead to an imbalance in vision. ...

Endoscopic Tear Duct Surgery

Tears usually drain through small openings in the corners of the eyelids, known as puncta, and enter the nose through the nasolacrimal duct. When an obstruction exists, tears cannot properly drain from the eyes and may well up on the surface of the eye and overflow on the eyelashes and eyelids. The eyelids may also become red and swollen with yellow or green discharge. ...

AcrySof® IQ Toric IOL

Intraocular lenses are used during cataract surgery to replace the damaged lens of the eye with an implant that clears up and corrects vision, oftentimes leaving patients with little to no dependence on glasses.

Up until now, patients with astigmatism did not have the same opportunities that other cataract patients have had in correcting their condition with the types of IOL lenses that were available. Typically, the astigmatic patient would need an additional surgical procedure, such as refractive surgery or LASIK, to correct their vision after the procedure. If the patient did not want to undergo another surgical procedure, the only option for correction would be the use of either contact lenses or glasses to address their astigmatism. ...

Uveitis

Uveitis is the inflammation of the uvea, the middle layer of the eye, which contains the iris, ciliary body and the choroid. The uvea is located between the retina and sclera, the white of the eye. The uvea provides most of the blood to various parts of the eye with its numerous veins and arteries. ...

Vitamins for Healthy Eyes

Eye vitamins can help maintain eye health and protect our eyes against several different diseases, including those that most frequently affect aging eyes, including macular degeneration.

Experts disagree on which nutrients can prevent eye disease or reduce vision loss. Studies have been conducted to help us learn more about the relationship between vitamins, minerals, antioxidants and eye health. The general consensus is that the same things that are good for your body are good for your eyes: a healthy diet rich in fruits, vegetables and whole grains, drinking at least six glasses of water a day, regular exercise, and avoidance of cigarette smoke. ...

Vitrectomy

The center of the eye is composed of a clear, gel-like substance known as the vitreous. The vitreous is more than 30 percent of the eye's volume, providing the eye with its shape. Due to the size and consistency of the vitreous it is prone to diseases that cause the vitreous to:

• Cloud
• Fill with blood
• Harden
• Prevent light from reaching the retina

These diseases may lead to blurred vision, tears or other serious conditions. ...

Cataracts

Cataracts affect millions of people each year, including more than half of all Americans age 60 and older. A cataract is the clouding of the eye's natural lens. Cloudiness develops as a result of a buildup of protein in the lens. Cataracts can occur in either one eye or both eyes. If left untreated, cataracts will worsen over time and interfere with normal activities, such as reading or driving. Night vision usually is most affected. In their early stages, individuals with cataracts are helped by using stronger lighting, but as they develop, most require surgery. ...

Dry Eye

Dry eye is a common condition that occurs when the eyes are insufficiently lubricated, leading to itching, redness and pain from dry spots on the surface of the eye. The eyes may become dry and irritated because the tear ducts are not producing a sufficient number of tears, or because there is a chemical imbalance in the tears themselves. Natural tears require a particular chemical balance in order to lubricate the eyes efficiently. ...

Glaucoma

Glaucoma is a group of related diseases that damage the optic nerve resulting in vision loss and blindness. Some of the diseases or conditions that contribute to the development of glaucoma include the following:

• Increased pressure within the eye
• Severe eye infection
• Injury to the eye
• Blocked blood vessels
• Inflammatory conditions of the eye

Glaucoma is a leading cause of blindness and visual impairment in the United States. Glaucoma can affect patients of all ages. Known as the "sneak thief of sight," many people affected with glaucoma do not experience any symptoms and may not be aware that they have the disease until they have lost a significant amount of vision. With early detection and treatment, eyes can be protected against the serious loss of vision or blindness. ...

Chalazion

A chalazion is a small, non-infectious lump that develops in the upper or lower eyelid due to the blockage of the meibomian gland, an oil gland in the eyelid. The meibomian gland produces fluid that lubricates the eye. While children do develop chalazions, they more commonly affect adults between the ages of 30 to 50. ...

Contact Lenses

A contact lens is a thin disk which floats on the surface of the eye, providing vision correction. With advances in optical technology, most people can now use contact lenses, regardless of the type or extent of their vision problems. This includes patients with astigmatism and those who need bifocal or multifocal lenses. For individuals with certain eye conditions, however, contact lenses are contraindicated. ...

Keratitis

Keratitis is an inflammation or infection of the cornea. Keratitis often develops as the result of an infection, but can also be caused by a small scratch or prolonged contact lens wear. If left untreated, keratitis can lead to serious complications and can permanently damage vision.

Types of Keratitis

There are several types of keratitis. They include: ...

Diabetic Eye Disease

Patients with diabetes are at a higher risk for developing eye conditions as a complication their disease. Over 40 percent of patients diagnosed with diabetes develop some form of eye disease as a result of their disease. Diabetic retinopathy is the most common diabetic eye disease and the primary cause of blindness in the United States. ...

Comprehensive Eye Examination

Regular eye examinations are important in maintaining eye health. During routine eye examinations, the ophthalmologist is able to detect eye diseases or other abnormalities that may not yet be causing symptoms. Early intervention is crucial in preventing vision loss in disease, such as glaucoma, in which a patient may remain asymptomatic until significant and irreversible damage has occurred. Early detection of eye problems allows patients a choice of treatment options and a reduced risk of permanent damage. ...

Bifocal and Multifocal Eyeglass Lenses

Presbyopia, which is the visual inability of the lens of the eye to focus on objects that are close, may take years to develop. Patients usually begin to show symptoms of presbyopia in their early- to mid-40s. Bifocal or multifocal eyeglasses will provide patients with presbyopia the ability to see clearly at all distances. ...

Eye Infections

Eye infections can occur when a patient has been exposed to a virus, fungus or bacterium. Different types of infections strike particular portions of the eye. Both eyes or only one may become infected.

Symptoms of an Eye Infection

Common symptoms of an eye infection may include the following symptoms: ...

Graves' Ophthalmopathy

Grave's disease is an autoimmune disorder that causes the thyroid gland to produce an excessive amount of thyroid hormone within the body. This overproduction creates more hormones than the body needs and causes many important bodily functions to speed up. The thyroid is a butterfly-shaped gland located in the front of the neck and controls metabolism, heart and nervous system functions as well as other metabolic functions. An overproduction of the thyroid hormone can lead to hypertension, weight loss, irregular heartbeat and eye problems. ...

IOL Choices

A wide range of replacement lenses are available to cataract patients, each offering different advantages for post-surgery vision. The most effective lens to use depends on the patient's individual preferences and goals for their vision. The lenses eliminate the need for glasses or contacts after cataract surgery, providing most patients with convenient, effective results for their specific vision conditions. ...

Lensectomy

A lensectomy is a microsurgery procedure that removes part or all of the crystalline lens from the eye. The lensectomy procedure is performed to treat a wide range of vitreoretinal disorders, including:

• Retained lens fragments after cataract surgery
• A dislocated intraocular lens (IOL) following cataract surgery
• Complex retinal detachments
• Intraocular foreign body

A lensectomy is usually performed as an ambulatory procedure, meaning that patients return home the same day as long as no complications have been experienced. ...

Macular Degeneration

Macular degeneration, also known as age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a common condition in older adults and the leading cause of vision loss in people over the age of 50. Macular degeneration affects the macula, the part of the retina responsible for the crisp, detailed central vision needed for reading or driving. As we age, the tissue in the eye responsible for vision slowly begins to deteriorate which can significantly affect a patient's quality of life. ...

Ocular Hypertension

Ocular hypertension is a condition where the intraocular pressure (IOP) in the eyes is higher than normal. A normal pressure reading falls between 10 mm Hg and 21 mm Hg. Anything greater than 21 mm Hg is considered hypertensive. The increased pressure is caused by a problem in the drainage of fluid produced in the eye. ...

Conjunctivitis

Conjunctivitis, commonly referred to as pink eye, is an infection or inflammation of the conjunctiva, the membrane that lines the eyelid and covers the white part of the eyeball. The inflammation affects the blood vessels in the eye and gives the eye a pink or red appearance. Pink eye can be caused by either a bacterial or viral infection, an allergic reaction, a foreign object in the eye or a blocked tear duct. Pink eye can be contagious, so proper diagnosis and prompt treatment are important. ...

Prism Lenses

Muscle imbalances within the eyes often occur as a result of genetic factors, trauma or related conditions, and result in one eye that is stronger than the other. Eyes that do not work properly together can cause blurred, crossed or double vision. Some cases of muscle imbalance may worsen over time, which is why it is important to seek proper treatment. ...

Pterygium

A pterygium is a painless, non-cancerous growth of the conjunctiva, the lining that covers the white part of the eye. The pterygium may grow on the cornea, which covers the iris, the colored part of the eye. A pterygium usually begins at the nasal side of the eye and can be different colors, including red, pink, white, yellow or gray. ...

Refractive Lens Exchange

Refractive lens exchange (RLE), also known as clear lens extraction, or CLE, is a surgical procedure for vision correction that replaces the natural lens of the eye with an intraocular lens, or IOL. Using the same surgical techniques as cataract surgery, the clear lens of the eye is removed and replaced with an IOL to change the focusing power of the eye. ...

AcrySof® IQ ReSTOR® IOL

AcrySof® IQ ReSTOR® IOL is an intraocular lens that provides a full range of vision for patients after cataract surgery, significantly decreasing their dependence on glasses or contact lenses. The ReSTOR IOL replaces the natural lens of the eye which has been removed during surgery. Its optic design enables it to bend light to a focal point of the retina, facilitating distance vision. By distributing light on the retina in such a way that images at various distances are clearly perceived, it provides multifocal visual clarity. ...

Foresee PHP® Preferential Hyperacuity Perimeter

The Foresee Preferential Hyperacuity Perimeter (Foresee PHP) is a visual field analyzer that is used to detect and monitor the progression of age-related macular degeneration from the intermediate, or dry stage to the choroidal neovascularization stage, or wet stage. Forsee PHP is the only device that is FDA-approved to detect and monitor age-related macular degeneration (AMD) in its earliest stages. ...

Sjogren's Syndrome

Sjogren's syndrome is an autoimmune disorder that has two common identifying symptoms: dry mouth and dry eyes, but it may progress to affect joints, skin and vital organs. Women are more likely to suffer from this condition and patients are usually diagnosed with the disorder after the age of 40. The cause of Sjogren's syndrome is unknown, although genetic components seem to put some individuals at greater risk for developing the disease. There is some evidence that Sjogren's syndrome may be triggered by a viral or bacterial infection. Often the syndrome occurs in patients who have another immune disorder, like rheumatoid arthritis or lupus. ...

Surgical Alignment of the Eye Muscle

The muscles of the eye allow for proper vision alignment, and may be affected in patients with strabismus or nystagmus. Located near the surface of the eyes, the muscles act like elastic bands that hold the eyes in place and help them change position as needed. They are located around the eye and are attached on one end to the sclera, which is the white portion of the eye, and on the other to the eye socket. In some patients, the muscles do not align the eyes properly and this may lead to an imbalance in vision. ...

Endoscopic Tear Duct Surgery

Tears usually drain through small openings in the corners of the eyelids, known as puncta, and enter the nose through the nasolacrimal duct. When an obstruction exists, tears cannot properly drain from the eyes and may well up on the surface of the eye and overflow on the eyelashes and eyelids. The eyelids may also become red and swollen with yellow or green discharge. ...

AcrySof® IQ Toric IOL

Intraocular lenses are used during cataract surgery to replace the damaged lens of the eye with an implant that clears up and corrects vision, oftentimes leaving patients with little to no dependence on glasses.

Up until now, patients with astigmatism did not have the same opportunities that other cataract patients have had in correcting their condition with the types of IOL lenses that were available. Typically, the astigmatic patient would need an additional surgical procedure, such as refractive surgery or LASIK, to correct their vision after the procedure. If the patient did not want to undergo another surgical procedure, the only option for correction would be the use of either contact lenses or glasses to address their astigmatism. ...

Uveitis

Uveitis is the inflammation of the uvea, the middle layer of the eye, which contains the iris, ciliary body and the choroid. The uvea is located between the retina and sclera, the white of the eye. The uvea provides most of the blood to various parts of the eye with its numerous veins and arteries. ...

Vitamins for Healthy Eyes

Eye vitamins can help maintain eye health and protect our eyes against several different diseases, including those that most frequently affect aging eyes, including macular degeneration.

Experts disagree on which nutrients can prevent eye disease or reduce vision loss. Studies have been conducted to help us learn more about the relationship between vitamins, minerals, antioxidants and eye health. The general consensus is that the same things that are good for your body are good for your eyes: a healthy diet rich in fruits, vegetables and whole grains, drinking at least six glasses of water a day, regular exercise, and avoidance of cigarette smoke. ...

Vitrectomy

The center of the eye is composed of a clear, gel-like substance known as the vitreous. The vitreous is more than 30 percent of the eye's volume, providing the eye with its shape. Due to the size and consistency of the vitreous it is prone to diseases that cause the vitreous to:

• Cloud
• Fill with blood
• Harden
• Prevent light from reaching the retina

These diseases may lead to blurred vision, tears or other serious conditions. ...

Cataracts

Cataracts affect millions of people each year, including more than half of all Americans age 60 and older. A cataract is the clouding of the eye's natural lens. Cloudiness develops as a result of a buildup of protein in the lens. Cataracts can occur in either one eye or both eyes. If left untreated, cataracts will worsen over time and interfere with normal activities, such as reading or driving. Night vision usually is most affected. In their early stages, individuals with cataracts are helped by using stronger lighting, but as they develop, most require surgery. ...

Dry Eye

Dry eye is a common condition that occurs when the eyes are insufficiently lubricated, leading to itching, redness and pain from dry spots on the surface of the eye. The eyes may become dry and irritated because the tear ducts are not producing a sufficient number of tears, or because there is a chemical imbalance in the tears themselves. Natural tears require a particular chemical balance in order to lubricate the eyes efficiently. ...

Glaucoma

Glaucoma is a group of related diseases that damage the optic nerve resulting in vision loss and blindness. Some of the diseases or conditions that contribute to the development of glaucoma include the following:

• Increased pressure within the eye
• Severe eye infection
• Injury to the eye
• Blocked blood vessels
• Inflammatory conditions of the eye

Glaucoma is a leading cause of blindness and visual impairment in the United States. Glaucoma can affect patients of all ages. Known as the "sneak thief of sight," many people affected with glaucoma do not experience any symptoms and may not be aware that they have the disease until they have lost a significant amount of vision. With early detection and treatment, eyes can be protected against the serious loss of vision or blindness. ...

Chalazion

A chalazion is a small, non-infectious lump that develops in the upper or lower eyelid due to the blockage of the meibomian gland, an oil gland in the eyelid. The meibomian gland produces fluid that lubricates the eye. While children do develop chalazions, they more commonly affect adults between the ages of 30 to 50. ...

Keratitis

Keratitis is an inflammation or infection of the cornea. Keratitis often develops as the result of an infection, but can also be caused by a small scratch or prolonged contact lens wear. If left untreated, keratitis can lead to serious complications and can permanently damage vision.

Types of Keratitis

There are several types of keratitis. They include: ...

Diabetic Eye Disease

Patients with diabetes are at a higher risk for developing eye conditions as a complication their disease. Over 40 percent of patients diagnosed with diabetes develop some form of eye disease as a result of their disease. Diabetic retinopathy is the most common diabetic eye disease and the primary cause of blindness in the United States. ...

Comprehensive Eye Examination

Regular eye examinations are important in maintaining eye health. During routine eye examinations, the ophthalmologist is able to detect eye diseases or other abnormalities that may not yet be causing symptoms. Early intervention is crucial in preventing vision loss in disease, such as glaucoma, in which a patient may remain asymptomatic until significant and irreversible damage has occurred. Early detection of eye problems allows patients a choice of treatment options and a reduced risk of permanent damage. ...

Eye Infections

Eye infections can occur when a patient has been exposed to a virus, fungus or bacterium. Different types of infections strike particular portions of the eye. Both eyes or only one may become infected.

Symptoms of an Eye Infection

Common symptoms of an eye infection may include the following symptoms: ...

Graves' Ophthalmopathy

Grave's disease is an autoimmune disorder that causes the thyroid gland to produce an excessive amount of thyroid hormone within the body. This overproduction creates more hormones than the body needs and causes many important bodily functions to speed up. The thyroid is a butterfly-shaped gland located in the front of the neck and controls metabolism, heart and nervous system functions as well as other metabolic functions. An overproduction of the thyroid hormone can lead to hypertension, weight loss, irregular heartbeat and eye problems. ...

IOL Choices

A wide range of replacement lenses are available to cataract patients, each offering different advantages for post-surgery vision. The most effective lens to use depends on the patient's individual preferences and goals for their vision. The lenses eliminate the need for glasses or contacts after cataract surgery, providing most patients with convenient, effective results for their specific vision conditions. ...

Lensectomy

A lensectomy is a microsurgery procedure that removes part or all of the crystalline lens from the eye. The lensectomy procedure is performed to treat a wide range of vitreoretinal disorders, including:

• Retained lens fragments after cataract surgery
• A dislocated intraocular lens (IOL) following cataract surgery
• Complex retinal detachments
• Intraocular foreign body

A lensectomy is usually performed as an ambulatory procedure, meaning that patients return home the same day as long as no complications have been experienced. ...

Macular Degeneration

Macular degeneration, also known as age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a common condition in older adults and the leading cause of vision loss in people over the age of 50. Macular degeneration affects the macula, the part of the retina responsible for the crisp, detailed central vision needed for reading or driving. As we age, the tissue in the eye responsible for vision slowly begins to deteriorate which can significantly affect a patient's quality of life. ...

Ocular Hypertension

Ocular hypertension is a condition where the intraocular pressure (IOP) in the eyes is higher than normal. A normal pressure reading falls between 10 mm Hg and 21 mm Hg. Anything greater than 21 mm Hg is considered hypertensive. The increased pressure is caused by a problem in the drainage of fluid produced in the eye. ...

Conjunctivitis

Conjunctivitis, commonly referred to as pink eye, is an infection or inflammation of the conjunctiva, the membrane that lines the eyelid and covers the white part of the eyeball. The inflammation affects the blood vessels in the eye and gives the eye a pink or red appearance. Pink eye can be caused by either a bacterial or viral infection, an allergic reaction, a foreign object in the eye or a blocked tear duct. Pink eye can be contagious, so proper diagnosis and prompt treatment are important. ...

Prism Lenses

Muscle imbalances within the eyes often occur as a result of genetic factors, trauma or related conditions, and result in one eye that is stronger than the other. Eyes that do not work properly together can cause blurred, crossed or double vision. Some cases of muscle imbalance may worsen over time, which is why it is important to seek proper treatment. ...

Pterygium

A pterygium is a painless, non-cancerous growth of the conjunctiva, the lining that covers the white part of the eye. The pterygium may grow on the cornea, which covers the iris, the colored part of the eye. A pterygium usually begins at the nasal side of the eye and can be different colors, including red, pink, white, yellow or gray. ...

Refractive Lens Exchange

Refractive lens exchange (RLE), also known as clear lens extraction, or CLE, is a surgical procedure for vision correction that replaces the natural lens of the eye with an intraocular lens, or IOL. Using the same surgical techniques as cataract surgery, the clear lens of the eye is removed and replaced with an IOL to change the focusing power of the eye. ...

AcrySof® IQ ReSTOR® IOL

AcrySof® IQ ReSTOR® IOL is an intraocular lens that provides a full range of vision for patients after cataract surgery, significantly decreasing their dependence on glasses or contact lenses. The ReSTOR IOL replaces the natural lens of the eye which has been removed during surgery. Its optic design enables it to bend light to a focal point of the retina, facilitating distance vision. By distributing light on the retina in such a way that images at various distances are clearly perceived, it provides multifocal visual clarity. ...

Foresee PHP® Preferential Hyperacuity Perimeter

The Foresee Preferential Hyperacuity Perimeter (Foresee PHP) is a visual field analyzer that is used to detect and monitor the progression of age-related macular degeneration from the intermediate, or dry stage to the choroidal neovascularization stage, or wet stage. Forsee PHP is the only device that is FDA-approved to detect and monitor age-related macular degeneration (AMD) in its earliest stages. ...

Sjogren's Syndrome

Sjogren's syndrome is an autoimmune disorder that has two common identifying symptoms: dry mouth and dry eyes, but it may progress to affect joints, skin and vital organs. Women are more likely to suffer from this condition and patients are usually diagnosed with the disorder after the age of 40. The cause of Sjogren's syndrome is unknown, although genetic components seem to put some individuals at greater risk for developing the disease. There is some evidence that Sjogren's syndrome may be triggered by a viral or bacterial infection. Often the syndrome occurs in patients who have another immune disorder, like rheumatoid arthritis or lupus. ...

Surgical Alignment of the Eye Muscle

The muscles of the eye allow for proper vision alignment, and may be affected in patients with strabismus or nystagmus. Located near the surface of the eyes, the muscles act like elastic bands that hold the eyes in place and help them change position as needed. They are located around the eye and are attached on one end to the sclera, which is the white portion of the eye, and on the other to the eye socket. In some patients, the muscles do not align the eyes properly and this may lead to an imbalance in vision. ...

Endoscopic Tear Duct Surgery

Tears usually drain through small openings in the corners of the eyelids, known as puncta, and enter the nose through the nasolacrimal duct. When an obstruction exists, tears cannot properly drain from the eyes and may well up on the surface of the eye and overflow on the eyelashes and eyelids. The eyelids may also become red and swollen with yellow or green discharge. ...

AcrySof® IQ Toric IOL

Intraocular lenses are used during cataract surgery to replace the damaged lens of the eye with an implant that clears up and corrects vision, oftentimes leaving patients with little to no dependence on glasses.

Up until now, patients with astigmatism did not have the same opportunities that other cataract patients have had in correcting their condition with the types of IOL lenses that were available. Typically, the astigmatic patient would need an additional surgical procedure, such as refractive surgery or LASIK, to correct their vision after the procedure. If the patient did not want to undergo another surgical procedure, the only option for correction would be the use of either contact lenses or glasses to address their astigmatism. ...

Uveitis

Uveitis is the inflammation of the uvea, the middle layer of the eye, which contains the iris, ciliary body and the choroid. The uvea is located between the retina and sclera, the white of the eye. The uvea provides most of the blood to various parts of the eye with its numerous veins and arteries. ...

Vitamins for Healthy Eyes

Eye vitamins can help maintain eye health and protect our eyes against several different diseases, including those that most frequently affect aging eyes, including macular degeneration.

Experts disagree on which nutrients can prevent eye disease or reduce vision loss. Studies have been conducted to help us learn more about the relationship between vitamins, minerals, antioxidants and eye health. The general consensus is that the same things that are good for your body are good for your eyes: a healthy diet rich in fruits, vegetables and whole grains, drinking at least six glasses of water a day, regular exercise, and avoidance of cigarette smoke. ...

Vitrectomy

The center of the eye is composed of a clear, gel-like substance known as the vitreous. The vitreous is more than 30 percent of the eye's volume, providing the eye with its shape. Due to the size and consistency of the vitreous it is prone to diseases that cause the vitreous to:

• Cloud
• Fill with blood
• Harden
• Prevent light from reaching the retina

These diseases may lead to blurred vision, tears or other serious conditions. ...

Cataracts

Cataracts affect millions of people each year, including more than half of all Americans age 60 and older. A cataract is the clouding of the eye's natural lens. Cloudiness develops as a result of a buildup of protein in the lens. Cataracts can occur in either one eye or both eyes. If left untreated, cataracts will worsen over time and interfere with normal activities, such as reading or driving. Night vision usually is most affected. In their early stages, individuals with cataracts are helped by using stronger lighting, but as they develop, most require surgery. ...

Dry Eye

Dry eye is a common condition that occurs when the eyes are insufficiently lubricated, leading to itching, redness and pain from dry spots on the surface of the eye. The eyes may become dry and irritated because the tear ducts are not producing a sufficient number of tears, or because there is a chemical imbalance in the tears themselves. Natural tears require a particular chemical balance in order to lubricate the eyes efficiently. ...

Glaucoma

Glaucoma is a group of related diseases that damage the optic nerve resulting in vision loss and blindness. Some of the diseases or conditions that contribute to the development of glaucoma include the following:

• Increased pressure within the eye
• Severe eye infection
• Injury to the eye
• Blocked blood vessels
• Inflammatory conditions of the eye

Glaucoma is a leading cause of blindness and visual impairment in the United States. Glaucoma can affect patients of all ages. Known as the "sneak thief of sight," many people affected with glaucoma do not experience any symptoms and may not be aware that they have the disease until they have lost a significant amount of vision. With early detection and treatment, eyes can be protected against the serious loss of vision or blindness. ...

Chalazion

A chalazion is a small, non-infectious lump that develops in the upper or lower eyelid due to the blockage of the meibomian gland, an oil gland in the eyelid. The meibomian gland produces fluid that lubricates the eye. While children do develop chalazions, they more commonly affect adults between the ages of 30 to 50. ...

Keratitis

Keratitis is an inflammation or infection of the cornea. Keratitis often develops as the result of an infection, but can also be caused by a small scratch or prolonged contact lens wear. If left untreated, keratitis can lead to serious complications and can permanently damage vision.

Types of Keratitis

There are several types of keratitis. They include: ...

Diabetic Eye Disease

Patients with diabetes are at a higher risk for developing eye conditions as a complication their disease. Over 40 percent of patients diagnosed with diabetes develop some form of eye disease as a result of their disease. Diabetic retinopathy is the most common diabetic eye disease and the primary cause of blindness in the United States. ...

Comprehensive Eye Examination

Regular eye examinations are important in maintaining eye health. During routine eye examinations, the ophthalmologist is able to detect eye diseases or other abnormalities that may not yet be causing symptoms. Early intervention is crucial in preventing vision loss in disease, such as glaucoma, in which a patient may remain asymptomatic until significant and irreversible damage has occurred. Early detection of eye problems allows patients a choice of treatment options and a reduced risk of permanent damage. ...

Eye Infections

Eye infections can occur when a patient has been exposed to a virus, fungus or bacterium. Different types of infections strike particular portions of the eye. Both eyes or only one may become infected.

Symptoms of an Eye Infection

Common symptoms of an eye infection may include the following symptoms: ...

Graves' Ophthalmopathy

Grave's disease is an autoimmune disorder that causes the thyroid gland to produce an excessive amount of thyroid hormone within the body. This overproduction creates more hormones than the body needs and causes many important bodily functions to speed up. The thyroid is a butterfly-shaped gland located in the front of the neck and controls metabolism, heart and nervous system functions as well as other metabolic functions. An overproduction of the thyroid hormone can lead to hypertension, weight loss, irregular heartbeat and eye problems. ...

IOL Choices

A wide range of replacement lenses are available to cataract patients, each offering different advantages for post-surgery vision. The most effective lens to use depends on the patient's individual preferences and goals for their vision. The lenses eliminate the need for glasses or contacts after cataract surgery, providing most patients with convenient, effective results for their specific vision conditions. ...

Lensectomy

A lensectomy is a microsurgery procedure that removes part or all of the crystalline lens from the eye. The lensectomy procedure is performed to treat a wide range of vitreoretinal disorders, including:

• Retained lens fragments after cataract surgery
• A dislocated intraocular lens (IOL) following cataract surgery
• Complex retinal detachments
• Intraocular foreign body

A lensectomy is usually performed as an ambulatory procedure, meaning that patients return home the same day as long as no complications have been experienced. ...

Macular Degeneration

Macular degeneration, also known as age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a common condition in older adults and the leading cause of vision loss in people over the age of 50. Macular degeneration affects the macula, the part of the retina responsible for the crisp, detailed central vision needed for reading or driving. As we age, the tissue in the eye responsible for vision slowly begins to deteriorate which can significantly affect a patient's quality of life. ...

Ocular Hypertension

Ocular hypertension is a condition where the intraocular pressure (IOP) in the eyes is higher than normal. A normal pressure reading falls between 10 mm Hg and 21 mm Hg. Anything greater than 21 mm Hg is considered hypertensive. The increased pressure is caused by a problem in the drainage of fluid produced in the eye. ...

Conjunctivitis

Conjunctivitis, commonly referred to as pink eye, is an infection or inflammation of the conjunctiva, the membrane that lines the eyelid and covers the white part of the eyeball. The inflammation affects the blood vessels in the eye and gives the eye a pink or red appearance. Pink eye can be caused by either a bacterial or viral infection, an allergic reaction, a foreign object in the eye or a blocked tear duct. Pink eye can be contagious, so proper diagnosis and prompt treatment are important. ...

Prism Lenses

Muscle imbalances within the eyes often occur as a result of genetic factors, trauma or related conditions, and result in one eye that is stronger than the other. Eyes that do not work properly together can cause blurred, crossed or double vision. Some cases of muscle imbalance may worsen over time, which is why it is important to seek proper treatment. ...

Pterygium

A pterygium is a painless, non-cancerous growth of the conjunctiva, the lining that covers the white part of the eye. The pterygium may grow on the cornea, which covers the iris, the colored part of the eye. A pterygium usually begins at the nasal side of the eye and can be different colors, including red, pink, white, yellow or gray. ...

Refractive Lens Exchange

Refractive lens exchange (RLE), also known as clear lens extraction, or CLE, is a surgical procedure for vision correction that replaces the natural lens of the eye with an intraocular lens, or IOL. Using the same surgical techniques as cataract surgery, the clear lens of the eye is removed and replaced with an IOL to change the focusing power of the eye. ...

AcrySof® IQ ReSTOR® IOL

AcrySof® IQ ReSTOR® IOL is an intraocular lens that provides a full range of vision for patients after cataract surgery, significantly decreasing their dependence on glasses or contact lenses. The ReSTOR IOL replaces the natural lens of the eye which has been removed during surgery. Its optic design enables it to bend light to a focal point of the retina, facilitating distance vision. By distributing light on the retina in such a way that images at various distances are clearly perceived, it provides multifocal visual clarity. ...

Foresee PHP® Preferential Hyperacuity Perimeter

The Foresee Preferential Hyperacuity Perimeter (Foresee PHP) is a visual field analyzer that is used to detect and monitor the progression of age-related macular degeneration from the intermediate, or dry stage to the choroidal neovascularization stage, or wet stage. Forsee PHP is the only device that is FDA-approved to detect and monitor age-related macular degeneration (AMD) in its earliest stages. ...

Sjogren's Syndrome

Sjogren's syndrome is an autoimmune disorder that has two common identifying symptoms: dry mouth and dry eyes, but it may progress to affect joints, skin and vital organs. Women are more likely to suffer from this condition and patients are usually diagnosed with the disorder after the age of 40. The cause of Sjogren's syndrome is unknown, although genetic components seem to put some individuals at greater risk for developing the disease. There is some evidence that Sjogren's syndrome may be triggered by a viral or bacterial infection. Often the syndrome occurs in patients who have another immune disorder, like rheumatoid arthritis or lupus. ...

Surgical Alignment of the Eye Muscle

The muscles of the eye allow for proper vision alignment, and may be affected in patients with strabismus or nystagmus. Located near the surface of the eyes, the muscles act like elastic bands that hold the eyes in place and help them change position as needed. They are located around the eye and are attached on one end to the sclera, which is the white portion of the eye, and on the other to the eye socket. In some patients, the muscles do not align the eyes properly and this may lead to an imbalance in vision. ...

Endoscopic Tear Duct Surgery

Tears usually drain through small openings in the corners of the eyelids, known as puncta, and enter the nose through the nasolacrimal duct. When an obstruction exists, tears cannot properly drain from the eyes and may well up on the surface of the eye and overflow on the eyelashes and eyelids. The eyelids may also become red and swollen with yellow or green discharge. ...

AcrySof® IQ Toric IOL

Intraocular lenses are used during cataract surgery to replace the damaged lens of the eye with an implant that clears up and corrects vision, oftentimes leaving patients with little to no dependence on glasses.

Up until now, patients with astigmatism did not have the same opportunities that other cataract patients have had in correcting their condition with the types of IOL lenses that were available. Typically, the astigmatic patient would need an additional surgical procedure, such as refractive surgery or LASIK, to correct their vision after the procedure. If the patient did not want to undergo another surgical procedure, the only option for correction would be the use of either contact lenses or glasses to address their astigmatism. ...

Uveitis

Uveitis is the inflammation of the uvea, the middle layer of the eye, which contains the iris, ciliary body and the choroid. The uvea is located between the retina and sclera, the white of the eye. The uvea provides most of the blood to various parts of the eye with its numerous veins and arteries.

Types of Uveitis

There are four different types of uveitis, classified by the area of the uvea that is affected: ...

Vitamins for Healthy Eyes

Eye vitamins can help maintain eye health and protect our eyes against several different diseases, including those that most frequently affect aging eyes, including macular degeneration.

Experts disagree on which nutrients can prevent eye disease or reduce vision loss. Studies have been conducted to help us learn more about the relationship between vitamins, minerals, antioxidants and eye health. The general consensus is that the same things that are good for your body are good for your eyes: a healthy diet rich in fruits, vegetables and whole grains, drinking at least six glasses of water a day, regular exercise, and avoidance of cigarette smoke. ...

Vitrectomy

The center of the eye is composed of a clear, gel-like substance known as the vitreous. The vitreous is more than 30 percent of the eye's volume, providing the eye with its shape. Due to the size and consistency of the vitreous it is prone to diseases that cause the vitreous to:

• Cloud
• Fill with blood
• Harden
• Prevent light from reaching the retina

These diseases may lead to blurred vision, tears or other serious conditions. ...